World Wide Web (WWW) is an information system that enables access to documents and other web resources over the Internet. Web browsers can access documents and downloadable media through web servers. In the World Wide Web, a uniform resource locator (URL) identifies and locates the servers and resources on the website. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the original and the most common document type.
Plain text, images, embedded video and audio, and scripts (short programs) are supported. Links (embedded URLs) provide immediate access to other web resources in HTML. The practice of following hyperlinks across multiple websites is called web navigation. An application web page is a web page that functions as an application program on a computer. Information is transmitted across the Web using a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocol. Read More
Multiple web resources have a common theme, usually under one domain name, making up a website. There may be numerous websites hosted on a single web server, while some websites, especially those prevalent ones, may be provided by multiple servers. Numerous organizations, companies, and individuals provide educational, entertainment, commercial, and government information.
Currently, the World Wide Web is the world’s most dominant platform for software development. Billions of people worldwide use it as the primary tool to interact with the Internet daily. Developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989, the Web was made publicly available in 1991. The system is designed to be a “universal linked information system.”.
A Brief History:
While working at CERN, English computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee created the Web. It is designed as an information management system based on several concepts and technologies, the most fundamental of which is the connections between information. A working system was implemented by the end of 1990, including the WorldWideWeb browser and HTTP server. Initially, the technology was released to other research institutions in January 1991 and then to the general public on August 23, 1991.
Other scientific and academic institutions began using the Web after CERN. There are 50 websites created within two years of the website’s launch. As a result of CERN’s decision to make the Web protocol and code royalty-free in 1993, the protocol and code have become widely popular. In less than a year following Mosaic’s release, thousands of websites sprang up on the Web. The Mosaic browser displayed inline images and submitted forms to the HTTP server. Netscape introduced Java and JavaScript to the Web the following year with its Navigator browser.
As a result, it quickly became the dominant browser on the market. During the dot-com bubble of the early 1990s, Netscape became a public company which ignited a frenzy for the Web. As a result of this, Microsoft developed its browser, Internet Explorer, which led to the beginning of the browser wars. Because it was the package with Windows, it became the dominant browser for 14 years.
W3C was founded by Tim Berners-Lee in 1996 and created XML to replace HTML. Web 2.0 was launched when developers exploited IE’s XMLHttpRequest feature to make Ajax applications. Mozilla, Opera, and Apple developed HTML5 after XHTML was rejected. The W3C abandoned XHTML in 2009 and ceded control of HTML to the WHATWG in 2019. A billion people interact via the Internet in the Information Age. Click Here
A Functional Capacity:
It is typical for the Internet and World Wide Web to be used interchangeably with little distinction. Many computer networks interconnected by telecommunications and optical networks make up the Internet, a global network of computer networks. In contrast, the World Wide Web is composed of a collection of documents and other resources that are accessible around the world.
HTTP or HTTPS are application-level Internet protocols that use the Internet’s transport protocols to access web resources. The World Wide Web is accessed by typing the page URL or following a hyperlink. The web browser sends background communication messages to fetch and display the requested page. Using a browser to view web pages – and to navigate between them using hyperlinks – became known as browsing, web surfing, or navigating the Web in the 1990s. Several studies investigated the patterns in which users used web browsers early on in the history of this new behavior.
The study’s authors have identified five types of user behavior: exploratory surfing, window surfing, evolved surfing, bounded navigation, and targeted navigation. The following example illustrates how a web browser works when accessing a page from the URL http://example.org/home.html to access a web page. Using the Domain Name System (DNS), the browser resolves the URL (example.org) into an Internet Protocol address. An IP address will be returned due to this lookup, such as 203.0.113.4 or 2001:db8:2e::7334 in this example. For the browser to retrieve the requested resource, an HTTP request must be sent across the Internet to the computer at that address.
An HTML website:
The standard for creating web pages is HTML or Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) for creating web pages and applications. Combined with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript, it is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web. The web browser is a device that receives HTML documents from a server or local storage and renders them into web pages that are multimedia in nature. A web page’s structure is described in HTML semantically and originally included cues for determining how the document looks.
HTML elements make up HTML pages. HTML constructs allow embedding images, interactive forms, and other objects into pages. Structured documents are created by defining headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes, and other elements in HTML. Tags delineate elements in HTML. Input and image tags introduce content directly to the page. p> tags surround and provide data about document text and may include sub-tags. HTML tags are not displayed by browsers but are used by them to interpret content.
Linked
There are hyperlinks on most web pages to other related pages, downloadable files, source documents, definitions, and other resources. The Example.org Homepage is a hyperlink: a href=”http://example.org/home.html.” In the web graph, the nodes correspond to the web pages (or URLs) and the directed edges between them to the hyperlinks. Links to web resources disappear, relocate, or are replaced with different content over time. In some circles, this phenomenon is called link rot, and the hyperlinks it affects are called dead links. In response to the transient nature of the Web, many attempts to archive them. Internet Archive is one of the best known.
Prefix WWW (World Wide Web):
As a result of the long-standing practice of naming Internet hosts according to their services, many World Wide Web hostnames begin with www. A web server’s hostname is usually www, as it is for an FTP server and a Usenet news server, news, or nntp. Hostnames appear as Domain Name Systems (DNS) or subdomain names, such as www.example.com. Many websites do not use www; the first web server at CERN was nxoc01.cern.ch. According to Paolo Palazzi, who worked with Tim Berners-Lee there, CERN’s widespread use of www as a subdomain was accidental. CERN’s home page was intended for info.cern.ch, while the World Wide Web project page was supposed to be at www.cern.ch.
However, DNS records were never switched, and the practice of prepending www to the institution’s domain names was copied. Established websites still use www2, secure, or en subdomain names for particular purposes. Some web servers map the primary domain name (example.com) and the www subdomain (example.com) to the same site; others map them to different websites. Load balancing incoming web traffic with CNAME records is possible with a subdomain name. The bare domain root cannot be used in a CNAME since only a subdomain can use.
Specifiers of a Scheme:
A web URI begins with the scheme specifier http:// or https://, respectively, indicating that it is a Hypertext Transfer Protocol or HTTP Secure URI. HTTPS is essential for the operation of the World Wide Web when browsers send or retrieve confidential data, such as passwords and banking information. If omitted, web browsers automatically prefix URIs with http://.
Visit The Website:
An online publication comprises web pages and multimedia collections, usually identified by a domain name. There are several notable examples of such websites, such as wikipedia.org, google.com, and amazon.com. Internet Protocol (IP) networks, like the Internet or local area networks (LANs), provide access to websites by referencing uniform resource locators (URLs).
A website can serve many functions and be used in many ways; it can be a personal website, a corporate website, a government website, an organization website, etc. Many types of websites range from entertainment and social networking to news and education. An intranet is typically a company’s website for employees, while all publicly accessible websites constitute the World Wide Web. Documents, or web pages, are plain text interspersed with HTML and XHTML formatting instructions.
Markup anchors may incorporate elements from other websites. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used to access and transport web pages, which may use encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to ensure user privacy and security. Web browsers render page content according to HTML markup instructions. The use of hyperlinks between web pages conveys the site structure to the reader and guides the site’s navigation, which often begins with a home page.
Content on some websites requires registration or subscription. Examples of subscription websites are:
- Business websites.
- News websites.
- Academic journal websites.
- Gaming websites.
- File-sharing websites.
- Message boards.
- Web-based email.
- Social networking sites.
- Websites providing price quotes in real-time for various markets.
Users can access websites from desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and smart TVs.